醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句（七）

醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句

希賽網(wǎng)考博英語為廣大考生整理了醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。希望能為大家在考博中提供到幫助。

醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句匯總

抑郁癥主題

一、關(guān)于作文的標(biāo)題

如果中文原文有標(biāo)題，那我們的作文也應(yīng)擬一個對應(yīng)的英文標(biāo)題。

英文標(biāo)題中，除了介詞，其他單詞都需要首字母大寫。

抑郁癥這篇文章的中文標(biāo)題是“抑郁癥為何是21世紀(jì)的主要‘殺手’?” 標(biāo)題是個問句，簡潔地寫成

Depression: A Major Health Killer

如果有同學(xué)非要強調(diào)“21世紀(jì)”，也可以寫成

Depression: A Health Killer of 21st Century

二、背景知識與實用表達

抑郁癥(Depression)在醫(yī)學(xué)上又被稱之為“重性抑郁障礙”，它并不僅僅是一種情緒波動(a mood swing)，也不是一種思維狀態(tài)(a temporary state of mind)，而是一種摧殘性的、令人衰弱的疾病(a crushing and debilitating illness)。

抑郁癥患者會感到空虛(emptiness)和絕望(hopelessness);胃口下降和體重減輕(reduced appetite and weight loss);反應(yīng)遲鈍、言行遲緩(slowed thinking, speaking or body movements);對生活中的大部分事情失去興趣(loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities);會有睡眠問題( sleep disturbances)，比如失眠或嗜睡(such as insomnia or sleeping too much);嚴重的患者甚至?xí)詺?committing suicide)。難過(sadness)和悲傷(grief)的情緒，是不能簡單地和抑郁癥劃等號的。

其實，抑郁癥的癥狀可以用一個英文單詞來概括，即 Depression 這個詞本身，其中各個字母代表的含義分別為：

D depression mood 抑郁心境

E energy decreased 疲乏或精力不足

P psychomotor changes 精神運動性改變

R reduced concentration in decision-making 做決定時注意力下降

E esteem decreased, excessive guilt 自尊心下降和過度自責(zé)

S sleep changes 睡眠情況改變

S suicidal ideation / behavior 自殺意念 / 行為

I interest decreased 興趣減低

N nutritional and weight change 食欲和體重改變

抑郁癥有時還伴隨著很多其他類的精神疾病，例如焦慮癥(Anxiety)、精神分裂癥狀(Schizophrenia)、邊緣性人格障礙(Borderline Personality Disorder)等;抑郁癥輕重各不相同，同一位病人也并不是隨時都會抑郁發(fā)作，每次發(fā)作程度也有不同，這些眾多原因?qū)е铝艘钟舭Y病人的癥狀極其復(fù)雜多變，具有強烈的個體差異性，為疾病的治療帶來了很大的困難。

在英美，人們又把抑郁癥稱之為”黑狗(black dog)，這個比喻來自前英國首相丘吉爾。長期罹患憂郁癥的丘吉爾有句名言——“心中的抑郁就像只黑狗,一有機會就咬住我不放。”

在傳統(tǒng)的英國小說里，紳士們外出散步時，往往會牽著一只黑色皮毛的愛犬，不論發(fā)生什么事，它都形影不離地跟在主人左右。丘吉爾把抑郁癥比作黑狗，雖然帶著幾分自嘲，卻非常貼切。在那之后，黑狗(blackdog)就成了抑郁癥的代名詞。

《丘吉爾的黑狗》是一本暢銷心理學(xué)科普著作，作者安東尼·斯托爾(1920-2001)英國首屈一指的精神科醫(yī)生、作家。書中以一種積極向上的態(tài)度來觀察心理憂郁現(xiàn)象，對弗洛伊德的理論進行了反思，剖解了許多大人物的憂郁心理與非凡成就之間的關(guān)系。

英國導(dǎo)演 Will Hutchinson 在 2010 年拍攝了一部電影短片《I Had a Black Dog》，改編自馬修·約翰斯同名書籍。短片展現(xiàn)了一名抑郁癥患者的內(nèi)心獨白。

三、常用句

本文就抑郁癥(Depression)這個主題，從定義(Definition)、癥狀(Symptoms)、原因(Cause)、評估(Clinical assessment)這四個方面給大家整理了實用的、比較常用的句子，這些句子全部來自外刊，絕無中式英語，大家可以放心使用。

01 Definition

Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than ...(這里填人數(shù)) people of all ages suffer from depression.

Depression is a common illness worldwide, with more than ... (這里填人數(shù))people affected.

The World Health Organisation has issued a new report stating that by the year ...(這里填年份)depression will be the world’s biggest killer.

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.

Depression is different from usual mood fluctuations and short-lived emotional responses to challenges in everyday life.

Especially when long-lasting and with moderate or severe intensity, depression may become a serious health condition.

It can cause the affected person to suffer greatly and function poorly at work, at school and in the family.

At its worst, depression can lead to suicide.

Depression will become the second leading cause of death by 2020，ranking after heart disease.

02 Symptoms

Depending on the number and severity of symptoms, a depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe.

For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships with others. Other people may feel generally miserable or unhappy without really knowing why.

Depression is not a normal part of growing older, and it should never be taken lightly. Unfortunately, depression often goes undiagnosed and untreated in older adults, and they may feel reluctant to seek help. Symptoms of depression may be different or less obvious in older adults, such as memory difficulties, personality changes, suicidal thinking or feelings, especially in older men.

03 Cause

Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors.

People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, psychological trauma) are more likely to develop depression.

Depression can, in turn, lead to more stress and dysfunction and worsen the affected person’s life situation and depression itself.

There are interrelationships between depression and physical health. For example, cardiovascular disease can lead to depression and vice versa.

04 Clinical assessment

A diagnostic assessment may be conducted by a suitably trained general practitioner, or by a psychiatrist or psychologist, who records the person's current circumstances, biographical history, current symptoms, and family history.

The assessment also includes a mental state examination, which is an assessment of the person's current mood and thought content, in particular the presence of themes of hopelessness or pessimism, self-harm or suicide, and an absence of positive thoughts or plans.

Before diagnosing a major depressive disorder, in general a doctor performs a medical examination and selected investigations to rule out other causes of symptoms.

05 Treatment

There are effective treatments for depression.

Health-care providers may offer psychological treatments or antidepressant medication.

Prevention programmes have been shown to reduce depression.

Interventions for parents of children with behavioural problems may reduce parental depressive symptoms and improve outcomes for their children.

Exercise programmes for the elderly can also be effective in depression prevention.

Antidepressants can be an effective form of treatment for moderate-severe depression but are not the first line of treatment for cases of mild depression.

Physical exercise is recommended for management of mild depression, and has a moderate effect on symptoms.

Exercise has also been found to be effective for major depression.It is equivalent to the use of medications or psychological therapies in most people.

In the older people exercise does appear to decrease depression.

Exercise may be recommended to people who are willing, motivated, andphysically healthy enough to participate in an exercise program as treatment.