醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句（三）

醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句

希賽網(wǎng)考博英語為廣大考生整理了醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。希望能為大家在考博中提供到幫助。

醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文預(yù)測范文及例句匯總

請大家在 50 分鐘之內(nèi)，按醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)考作文部分的要求完成下面的作文。中途不得查詞典、不得百度，要模擬自己是在考試，逼一逼自己，寫不出來也要硬寫。

Part V Writing (20%)

Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.

流感與普通感冒的區(qū)別

流感是由流感病毒引起的，經(jīng)飛沫傳播的急性呼吸道傳染性疾病。早春，由于氣候變化比較大，早晚溫差大，人體不能完全適應(yīng)氣候的變化，容易感冒。同時，春天天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，氣溫回升明顯，萬物復(fù)蘇，病毒、細(xì)菌等病原微生物也活躍起來，所以，在冬春交替的時候，比較容易患上流感。那么流感與普通感冒有什么區(qū)別呢?

第一，兩種疾病的病原體不同。普通感冒，俗稱 “傷風(fēng)”，是由多種病毒引起的，其中相當(dāng)部分是由某種血清型的鼻病毒引起。流感由流感病毒引起，流感病毒包括甲型、乙型和丙型三種;普通感冒可由多種病原體引起，如鼻病毒、腺病毒、細(xì)菌及支原體等，一般人在受涼、雨淋、過度疲勞后，因抵抗力下降時容易發(fā)病。

第二，兩種疾病的表現(xiàn)癥狀不同。與流感相比，普通感冒主要表現(xiàn)為打噴嚏、流鼻涕等上呼吸道癥狀，全身癥狀較輕，不發(fā)熱或僅有低熱，一般 3 至 5 天痊愈。流感的表現(xiàn)全身癥狀較重，突然畏寒、發(fā)熱、頭痛、全身酸痛、鼻塞、流涕、干咳、胸痛、惡心、食欲不振，嬰幼兒或老年人可能并發(fā)肺炎或心力衰竭。中毒型流感病人則表現(xiàn)為高熱、說胡話、昏迷、抽搐，有時可以導(dǎo)致人死亡。

第三，流感與普通感冒的傳染性不同。流感病毒存在于病人的呼吸道，在病人咳嗽、打噴嚏時經(jīng)飛沫傳染給別人，流感的傳染性很強(qiáng)，由于這種病毒容易變異，即使是患過流感的人，當(dāng)下次再遇上流感流行，仍然會感染，所以流感容易引起暴發(fā)性流行。普通感冒較流感傳染性要弱得多，往往是個別出現(xiàn)，很少像流感流行那樣病人成批大量出現(xiàn)。

第四，流感與普通感冒的流行特點(diǎn)不同。流感的流行有明顯的季節(jié)性和周期性，常易發(fā)生暴發(fā)、流行甚至大流行。流行季節(jié)常在某些局限的范圍，如社區(qū)或單位發(fā)生暴發(fā);當(dāng)新的亞型產(chǎn)生時則可出現(xiàn)大流行甚至世界性大流行，如目前流行的甲型 H1N1 流感。普通感冒只是個別散發(fā)出現(xiàn)。

第五，流感有季節(jié)性和周期性。在溫帶和寒溫帶地區(qū)，流感的流行通常發(fā)生在冬春季，而在熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)，則更多是在夏季流行。大流行時季節(jié)性不明顯。由于甲型流感病毒抗原的易變性、人類對流感免疫的不持久性及流感疫苗的有限性，致使流感流行呈現(xiàn)周期特點(diǎn)，一般 3 至 4 年一次小流行，10 至 15 年一次大流行。乙型、丙型流感周期性不明顯。

第六，在一定條件下，流感可能大流行或暴發(fā)。當(dāng)流感病毒發(fā)生變異產(chǎn)生新的亞型時，由于人群普遍缺乏免疫力，可以發(fā)生跨越一省、一國、一個大洲，乃至遍及全世界的流行，稱為大流行或世界大流行。在流感流行季節(jié)經(jīng)常會發(fā)生在一個局部地區(qū)或單位，特別是學(xué)校和托幼機(jī)構(gòu)，短時間內(nèi)突然有很多人發(fā)病稱為暴發(fā)。

第七，選擇藥物的不同。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，很多人認(rèn)為只要患了流感或普通感冒就要使用抗菌藥物治療，其實(shí)不然?？咕幬飳Σ《緹o效，濫用抗菌藥物不但不能帶來治療效果，還會導(dǎo)致大量耐藥菌株出現(xiàn)。一般而言，普通感冒時除非出現(xiàn)黃膿鼻涕或黃痰，并伴有發(fā)熱，不宜自行服用抗菌藥物;在明確有細(xì)菌感染或有并發(fā)癥時，需在醫(yī)生的指導(dǎo)下選擇抗菌藥物。

第八，治療基本原則不同。普通感冒，目前尚無特殊抗病毒藥物，該病為自限性，病程多在 1 周左右，無嚴(yán)重癥狀者可不用或少用藥，以對癥處理、休息、忌煙、多飲水、保持室內(nèi)空氣流通、防治繼發(fā)細(xì)菌感染為原則。如后期并發(fā)細(xì)菌感染，可根據(jù)病原菌選用敏感的抗菌藥物。常選青霉素、第一代頭孢菌素、大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類或氟喹諾酮類。堅(jiān)持有規(guī)律的適合個體的體育活動、增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、勞逸適度、生活規(guī)律，是預(yù)防普通感冒的最好方法。

第九，預(yù)防措施不同。普通感冒，沒有預(yù)防用疫苗。流感，接種流感疫苗是防控有效手段。需強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，對流行性感冒要做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報告、早隔離和早治療。

答案及范文例句和寫作思路

無論這個主題的作文怎么出，有一些核心的東西總是必須要掌握的，比如“流感”這個關(guān)鍵詞怎么寫，比如怎么描述癥狀，如何治療、診斷和預(yù)防，比如怎么和普通感冒進(jìn)行對比等等。

關(guān)鍵詞破解：“流感” 和 “普通感冒” 用英語怎么說?

流感：influenza，或 the flu

普通感冒：the common cold，或 the cold

“流感和普通感冒的區(qū)別” 可以寫成:

the difference between influenza and the common cold

今天的內(nèi)容分成三塊：

第一，流感相關(guān)的英文表達(dá)，包括定義、癥狀、并發(fā)癥、高風(fēng)險人群、預(yù)防、診斷和治療。

第二，普通感冒相關(guān)的英文表達(dá)，包括定義、癥狀、高風(fēng)險人群、病因等。

第三，流感和普通感冒的區(qū)別。

第一部分：流感 Key Facts About Influenza (Flu)

1. 流感的定義

Influenza (the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness. Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk of serious flu complications.

2. 流感的癥狀

People who have the flu often feel some or all of these signs and symptoms that usually start suddenly, not gradually:

Fever* or feeling feverish/chills

Cough

Sore throat

Runny or stuffy nose

Muscle or body aches

Headaches

Fatigue (very tired)

Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in young children than in adults.

* It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.

3. 流感的并發(fā)癥(Complications)

The flu is dangerous because it can quickly lead to serious complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and even death. It can also make chronic conditions such as asthma and congestive heart failure worse.

4. 流感高風(fēng)險人群(People at High Risk from Flu)

People at high risk for developing serious flu complications include young children, people over 65, pregnant women and those with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease.

5. 流感的預(yù)防

In terms of flu prevention, the best defense against the flu is to get vaccinated. Experts also recommend everyday preventive actions, such as staying away from people who are sick, covering coughs and sneezes and frequent handwashing, to help slow the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses.

6. 流感的診斷

It is very difficult to distinguish the flu from other viral or bacterial causes of respiratory illnesses on the basis of symptoms alone. There are tests available to diagnose flu.

7. 流感的治療

There are influenza antiviral drugs that can be used to treat flu illness.

第二部分：關(guān)于普通感冒 Key Facts About The Common Cold

1. 普通感冒的定義 What is the common cold(or the cold)?

The common cold is the most widespread acute respiratory tract illness affecting all age groups. Many types of viruses can cause a common cold.

2. 普通感冒的癥狀(Symptoms)

Symptoms of a common cold usually appear one to three days after exposure to a cold-causing virus. Signs and symptoms, which can vary from person to person, might include:

Runny or stuffy nose

Sore throat

Cough

Congestion

Slight body aches or a mild headache

Sneezing

Low-grade fever

Generally feeling unwell (malaise)

3. 普通感冒的高風(fēng)險人群

Children younger than six are at greatest risk of colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have two or three colds annually.

Most people recover from a common cold in a week or 10 days. Symptoms might last longer in people who smoke. If symptoms don't improve, see your doctor.

4. 普通感冒的病因 Causes

Although many types of viruses can cause a common cold, rhinoviruses are the most common culprit.

A cold virus enters human body through one's mouth, eyes or nose. Thevirus

can spread through droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. It also spreads by hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold or by sharing contaminated objects, such as utensils, towels, toys or telephones.

5. 普通感冒的并發(fā)癥 Complications

Acute ear infection (otitis media).

Asthma. A cold can trigger an asthma attack.

Acute sinusitis. In adults or children, a common cold that doesn't resolve can lead to inflammation and infection of the sinuses (sinusitis).

Other secondary infections. These include strep throat (streptococcalpharyngitis), pneumonia, and croup or bronchiolitis in children. These infections need to be treated by a doctor.

第三部分：普通感冒和流感的區(qū)別

The Difference between the Common Cold and the Flu

1. The flu comes on abruptly; the cold is more gradual.

2. Unlike the common cold, the onset of symptoms for flu (or Influenza) is very sudden and fast.

3. The common cold eventually fizzles, but the flu may be deadly.

4. In general, the flu is worse than the common cold, and symptoms are more common and intense.

5. Flu causes epidemics and pandemics with the potential for mortality, whereas the common cold is a nuisance for us.

6. October marks the beginning of a new influenza season. While common cold is generally a mild and uncomplicated disease, influenza can cause severe disease leading to hospitalization and occasionally death, especially older people, pregnant women, young children and people with chronic diseases.

7. The common symptoms of cold and flu lead to the confusion among these two terms and sometimes flu is neglected mistaking it as a common cold. Both are viral infections, but flu can be epidemic and pandemic with the potential for mortality.

8. Symptoms of common cold and influenza are similar and their mode of transmission also resembles, but yet they are two different diseases. Common cold being the less infectious and self-limiting is not taken very seriously, whereas influenza, associated with the complete respiratory tract can be fatal in it’s sever forms.

9. Because colds and the flu share many symptoms, it can be difficult to tell the difference between them based on symptoms alone. Special tests that usually must be done within the first few days of illness can tell if a person has the flu.

10. Colds also don’t generally lead to the serious health complications that can come with flu and that in some cases can be deadly.