考博英語閱讀模擬練習(xí)題附詳細(xì)答案解析(1)

考博英語閱讀模擬練習(xí)題附詳細(xì)答案解析

考博英語閱讀理解題型想要獲得平日的練習(xí)必不可少，希賽網(wǎng)考博英語頻道為考博生們整理了考博英語閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題，希望考博生們做題時注意時間，認(rèn)真對待，題后有詳細(xì)的答案解析，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。希望能為大家在考博中提供到幫助。

Peter L?scher, thefirst outsider to become chief executive of Siemens, one of the world's biggestelectrical-engineering firms, spent his first three months at the firmtravelling and listening. Then on October 4th he announced plans to centralisethe conglomerate, reduce its nine divisions to three and downsize its 11-manexecutive board, which would truncate the power of the company'sregional bosses. On the same day Siemens accepted a €201m ($285m) fine imposedby a court in Munichfor bribery by its communications division, forgoing the right toappeal.

Thecoincidence could mark a turning point in attempts to change the firm's cultureand put past scandals behind it. Last November police raided Siemens'soffices, starting a scourge on bribery which so far has cost the companyits chairman, its chief executive, another board member and its chiefcompliance officer, as well as at least €239m in fines and €179m in taxliabilities (the bribes had been deducted). What is more, in thenine months to June 30th alone, the bill for legal expenses and external advicecame to €188m.

Theaffair has cost a great deal of management time too. Debevoise & Plimpton,an American law firm, and forensic auditors from Deloitte are still scouringthe company for evidence of more irregularities. InAmericathe Department of Justicehas two investigations running, and the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) is also examining claims of corruption. Legalproceedings in America alone could cost Siemens billions of dollars, sayanalysts, although Siemens argues in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC that its “consolidated financial position should not bematerially affected” by the welter of litigation.

Analystsare confident that Siemens will not only survive but benefit from all theupheaval. “Comparable American companies have gone through this, so have AlstominFranceand ABB inSweden,and they have emerged stronger and better run,” says James Stettler of DresdnerKleinwort, an investment bank.

The threedivisions Mr L?scher has unveiled are energy products (such as power turbinesand transmission equipment), infrastructure (such as factories and trains) andhealth care (such as MRI scanners and other clevermedical kit). That does not necessarily mean Mr L?scher will sell thebusinesses that do not fit, such as Osram, a maker of light bulbs, BSH, a joint venture with Bosch in household appliances, andNokia Siemens Networks, recently formed to build telecom infrastructure.

Thecompany's supervisory board will vet the changes on November 28th. MrL?scher may have most difficulty winning approval for those that will affectworkers inGermany,whose representatives make up half the membership of the 20-strong supervisoryboard. If he gets his way, however, Mr L?scher's next proposal may be toregister Siemens as a Societas Europaea (SE) insteadof as a German joint-stock company (AG). That wouldentail a slimmer supervisory board with reduced representation for Germanworkers, but would give a voice to employees abroad. Other icons of Germanbusiness, most notably Siemens's Munichneighbour, Allianz, a big insurer, have already made the switch. Mr L?scher is chummywith Paul Achleitner, a member of Allianz's board and a fellow Austrian, withwhom he recently stayed for three months.

1. The word “forgoing” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____

[A] refusing.

[B] reserving.

[C] withdrawing.

[D] considering.

2. What Mr L?scher will probably do to the three divisions he has unveiled?

[A] He will transfer them to other companies.

[B] He will downsize the executive board of the three divisions.

[C] He will recombine them into large division.

[D] It is not mentioned in the passage.

3. Mr L?scher wants to register Siemens as a SE instead of an AG because_____

[A] he aims to cut the number of German representatives in the supervisory board.

[B] he seeks to centralise the conglomerate.

[C] he wants to include multiple voices of the employees so as to enhance the democracy of the decision-making.

[D] he strives to transform the company into a more international one.

4. Towards the future of Siemens, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____

[A] optimistic.

[B] pessimistic.

[C] neutral.

[D] unclear.

5. By the close relationship between Mr L?scher and Paul Achleitner, the author wants to imply that_____

[A] Siemens will gain great support from Allianz.

[B] Mr L?scher made the decision to have a change under the influence of his friend.

[C] Mr. L?scher wanted switch Siemens into an insurer in the future.

[D] Mr. L?scher greatly valued his friend’s suggestion.

文章剖析：

這篇文章主要介紹了西門子公司新任首席執(zhí)行官的一些改革舉措。第一段講述新仁首席執(zhí)行官的縮編計劃和西門子接受罰金情況;第二段講述西門子的過往案件造成了巨大損失，而目前的改革可能會成為公司發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn);第三段講述目前公司還是被許多法律案件糾纏;第四段講述分析家們認(rèn)為西門子經(jīng)歷這些事件后會更加成功;第五段講述新任首席執(zhí)行官對于要精簡的部門采取的措施;第六段講述首席執(zhí)行官采取各種措施以精簡管理委員會。

詞匯注釋:

truncate v. 刪減、截短 forgo v. 放棄

scourge n. 懲罰、災(zāi)難 deducte v. 扣除

forensic adj. 法院的 welter n. 起伏，翻滾

vet v. 審查 chummy adj. 關(guān)系親密的

難句突破：

(1) Last November police raided Siemens's offices, starting a scourge on bribery which so far has cost the company its chairman, its chief executive, another board member and its chief compliance officer, as well as at least €239m in fines and €179m in tax liabilities (the bribes had been deducted).

[主體句式] Last November polic raided Siemens’ officers.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個復(fù)合句，starting…是句子的伴隨狀語;在伴隨狀語中，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句用來修飾前面的scourge。

[句子譯文] 去年11月，警察突然搜查西門子辦公室，開始了一場關(guān)于行賄受賄審查的災(zāi)禍，導(dǎo)致該公司的主席、首席執(zhí)行官、董事會另一個成員和其首席稅務(wù)官都被罷免，罰金最少有兩億三千九百萬歐元，還有一億七千九百萬歐元的稅收債務(wù)(賄賂金已經(jīng)扣除)。

(2) Legal proceedings in America alone could cost Siemens billions of dollars, say analysts, although Siemens argues in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC that its “consolidated financial position should not be materially affected” by the welter of litigation.

[主體句式] Legal proceedings could cost …, say analysts, although…

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個復(fù)合句，賓語從句被say analysts分割為兩個部分;賓語從句個并列句，后面的分句中，that…引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC是狀語。

[句子譯文] 分析家稱僅美國法律訴訟就要耗費(fèi)西門子幾百萬美元，雖然最近與安全與交流委員會進(jìn)行的季度檔案整理中西門子認(rèn)為其“鞏固的金融地位不應(yīng)當(dāng)因?yàn)椴粩嗟脑V訟受到實(shí)質(zhì)性影響”。

題目分析：

1. The word “forgoing” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____“forgoing”(第一段第七行)最有可能的意思為_____

[A] refusing.[A] 拒絕。

[B] reserving.[B] 保留。

[C] withdrawing.[C] 撤銷。

[D] considering.[D] 考慮。

[答案]C

[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆

[分析] 猜詞題。根據(jù)上下文，西門子已經(jīng)接受了罰金，而從文章其余部分來看它也比較積極地處理了這些法律糾紛。因此，最有可能的就是它放棄了申訴的權(quán)利。答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2. What Mr L?scher will probably do to the three divisions he has unveiled?2.L?scher先生對于自己公布的三家公司將會采取什么措施?

[A] He will transfer them to other companies.[A] 他將轉(zhuǎn)讓給其他公司。

[B] He will downsize the executive board of the three divisions.[B] 他將縮小三家公司的執(zhí)行董事會。

[C] He will recombine them into large division.[C] 他將會把它們合并為更大的公司。

[D] It is not mentioned in the passage. [D] 文章沒有提及。

[答案]D

[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆

[分析] 細(xì)節(jié)題。關(guān)于對三家公司的處置，在第五段中提到并不一定會出售那些不適合的企業(yè)，但是根據(jù)第一段這三家公司肯定是要裁減掉的，但是具體以哪種方式文章并未提及，因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3. Mr L?scher wants to register Siemens as a SE instead of an AG because_____3.L?scher先生想要把西門子公司注冊為SE而不是德國合資公司是因?yàn)開____

[A] he aims to cut the number of German representatives in the supervisory board.[A] 他的目的在于減少德國籍代表在監(jiān)管會中的席位。

[B] he seeks to centralise the conglomerate.[B] 他希望將西門子中央集權(quán)化。

[C] he wants to include multiple voices of the employees so as to enhance the democracy of the decision-making.[C] 他希望能夠聽到雇員不同的聲音，以便于加強(qiáng)決策的民主。

[D] he strives to transform the company into a more international one.[D] 他想努力把公司變得更加國際化。

[答案]B

[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 推理題。最后一段提到，他想將公司性質(zhì)改變，這樣就需要更為精簡的監(jiān)督管理委員會，德國工人的代表減少了，這與第一段他提到的權(quán)力集中化是一致的。因此，其目的還是要將西門子中央集權(quán)化，因此B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A只是他的一個做法，但不是最終目的。選項(xiàng)C和D只是中央集權(quán)化過程中的一些步驟，并不是終極目的，因此也都不是正確選項(xiàng)。

4. Towards the future of Siemens, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____4. 對于西門子的未來，作者的態(tài)度可以說是_____

[A] optimistic.[A] 樂觀的。

[B] pessimistic.[B] 悲觀的。

[C] neutral. [C] 中立的。

[D] unclear.[D] 不清楚的。

[答案] C

[難度系數(shù)] ☆

[分析] 態(tài)度題。從全文來看，作者比較客觀地描述了目前西門子的狀況，但對于未來并沒有具體的態(tài)度表述，因此，答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5. By the close relationship between Mr L?scher and Paul Achleitner, the author wants to imply that_____5. 作者提到L?scher先生和Paul Achleitner關(guān)系密切是為了說明_____

[A] Siemens will gain great support from Allianz.[A] 西門子將從Allianz獲得很大的支持。

[B] Mr L?scher made the decision to have a change under the influence of his friend.[B]L?scher先生是受到朋友的影響才做了決定的。

[C] Mr. L?scher wanted switch Siemens into an insurer in the future.[C]L?scher先生想在未來把西門子轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€保險公司

[D] Mr. L?scher greatly valued his friend’s suggestion.[D] L?scher先生非常重視朋友的建議。

[答案] B

[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆

[分析]推理題。文章最后提到了Allianz已經(jīng)采取了這樣的改革，而L?scher和該公司管理委員會成員關(guān)系好，而且最近一直在一起，那么可以推斷L?scher做出的一些改革決定可能就是受到他的影響。因此，B選項(xiàng)最為符合題意。

參考譯文：

Peter L?scher是世界上最大的電器公司西門子的首席執(zhí)行官中的第一位行外人，他上任的前三個月就是在公司內(nèi)巡視、傾聽。10月4日，他宣布計劃集中控制公司，將九個公司縮減為三個，并縮小11人的執(zhí)行委員會，這也將減少公司在各地經(jīng)理的權(quán)利。同一天，西門子接受了慕尼黑一法庭的兩億一百萬歐元(折合兩千八百五十萬美元)的罰金，原因是其通信公司行賄受賄，目前西門子已經(jīng)放棄了上訴的權(quán)利。

這種巧合標(biāo)志著公司改變企業(yè)文化和拋棄過往丑聞的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。去年11月，警察突然搜查西門子辦公室，開始了一場關(guān)于行賄受賄審查的災(zāi)禍，導(dǎo)致該公司的主席、首席執(zhí)行官、董事會另一個成員和其首席稅務(wù)官都被罷免，罰金最少有兩億三千九百萬歐元，還有一億七千九百萬歐元的稅收債務(wù)(賄賂金已經(jīng)扣除)。除此之外，截至6月30日的九個月內(nèi)，法律費(fèi)用和行外通知的賬單已經(jīng)達(dá)到一億八千八百萬歐元。

該事件也耗費(fèi)了大量的管理時間。一家美國法律公司Debevoise & Plimpton和來自Deloitte的法院審計員還在繼續(xù)審查公司，試圖找出更多不規(guī)范的證據(jù)。在美國，司法部進(jìn)行兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查，安全與交流委員會也在調(diào)查腐敗事由。分析家稱僅美國法律訴訟就要耗費(fèi)西門子幾百萬美元，雖然最近與安全與交流委員會進(jìn)行的季度檔案整理中西門子認(rèn)為其“鞏固的金融地位不應(yīng)當(dāng)因?yàn)椴粩嗟脑V訟受到實(shí)質(zhì)性影響”。

分析家斷言西門子不僅會安然度過困境，而且還會從這次劇變中受益。“美國與之相似的公司已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過這些了，同樣法國的Alstom和瑞典的ABB也都經(jīng)歷過，之后它們都更為強(qiáng)大，運(yùn)營更加成功?！蓖顿Y銀行Dresdner Kleinwort的James Stettler這樣說。

L?scher先生公布的縮減后的三家公司是能源產(chǎn)品公司(如電力渦輪和傳導(dǎo)設(shè)備)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施公司(如工廠和或火車)以及衛(wèi)生保健公司(如MRI掃描儀和其他智能醫(yī)療用具)。但這并不代表L?scher先生會將不適合的企業(yè)賣掉，如燈泡制造商Osram, 和博施合資的家用電器公司BSH、諾基亞西門子網(wǎng)絡(luò)(最近為建立電信系統(tǒng)而成立的)等。

公司的監(jiān)督管理委員會將于11月28日審查這些變革計劃。L?scher最大的困難在于贏得那些將影響德國工人的變革措施的批準(zhǔn)，這些工人的代表占到20個監(jiān)督管理會成員的一半。但是如果解決了這個問題，L?scher先生的下一個議題可能就是將西門子注冊為Societas Europaea，而不是德國合資公司。這就需要更為精簡的監(jiān)督管理委員會，減少德國工人的代表，卻給海外員工發(fā)言更多的機(jī)會。德國企業(yè)的其他代表，最為有名的就是西門子在慕尼黑的鄰居大保險公司Allianz，已經(jīng)開始在進(jìn)行這些改變。L?scher和Allianz 管理委員會成員Paul Achleitner關(guān)系甚好，此人為奧地利人，L?scher與他最近一起呆了三個月。