醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語作文范文（五）

醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語作文范文

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醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語作文范文匯總

老年性癡呆癥，

最常見的為阿爾茨海默病 (Alzheimer'sdisease, AD) 。

被稱為世界上當(dāng)前的“流行病”之一。

我國已進入老齡化社會，

有一個問題不容忽視，

即老齡化趨勢讓老年性癡呆患者數(shù)量增多。

New research suggests that a brain protein that has changed form may be the cause of brain disorders - including Alzheimer's Disease. Researchers say they have developed a treatment that may cause the protein to return to its original form, preventing the disease from developing or reversing the effects of the damage in people who already suffer from Alzheimer's.

Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center inBoston, Massachusetts, found that the shape of the protein -- which is called "tau" -- is changed by severe injuries to the brain. The scientists say when people are hit in the head many times, they develop a condition calledchronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE.

CTE develops in soldiers with head injuries. People who play American football also suffer from CTE after being hit in the head many times. The memory, judgment and ability to function are affected in people with CTE.

Alvaro Pascual-Leone is a neurologist -- a brain scientist. He was one of the researchers who discovered the effect of brain injuries on the "tau" protein.

"We know that the tau plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease. And so it is possible that also there, in the absence of traumatic brain injury, one might be able to protect the brain from the damage in the progression of the disease."

The researchers recently published an article about their findings in the journal Nature. Mr. Pascual-Leone and his colleagues reported that they had developed a treatment that returns the damaged tau to its original, undamaged form. He says it might be possible to use the treatment to stop the development of Alzheimer's Disease. And he suggests it could also slow the loss of brain function in people who already have the disease.

"If we were able to slow down the progression or to modify the course of the disease, it would have a big impact on the well-being of the patients and their families."

Scientists discovered the tau in mice that suffered brain injuries began changing form in as little as 12 hours after the mice were hit in the head.

Researchers hope to develop a blood test or use machines that can see into the brain to help them identify changed tau. Early identification of the problem in people with brain injury could help doctors treat them quickly and stop the tau from changing.

New words

1. Disorder [d?s??:d?(r)] n.(身心機能的)失調(diào); vt. 使混亂; 使(身心等)失調(diào);

2. Alzheimer's Disease [??ltsha?m?z d?zi:z] 阿爾茨海默氏病

3. reverse [r??v?:s] vt.& vi.(使)反轉(zhuǎn)

4. Boston ['b?st?n]波士頓(美國馬薩諸塞州首府);

5. Massachusetts [?m?s?'t?u:s?ts] 馬薩諸塞州(位于美國東北，是新英格蘭地區(qū)的一部分。在中文中，通常簡稱”麻省”)

6. chronic traumatic encephalopathy [en?sef??l?p?θi]慢性創(chuàng)傷腦部病變

7. judgment ['d??d?m?nt] n. 判斷，鑒定; 辨別力

8. neurologist [nj???r?l?d??st]n. <醫(yī)>神經(jīng)病學(xué)家

9. Nature：《自然》雜志于1869年在英國創(chuàng)立，在學(xué)術(shù)界享有盛譽，常與美國《科學(xué)》雜志并稱為世界兩大頂級學(xué)術(shù)刊物。自創(chuàng)刊以來，它始終如一地報道自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的一些最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，直到今天(截至2012年)它仍然是世界上影響因子較高的科學(xué)期刊。

10. modify [?m?d?fa?] vi. 被修飾; 修改

11. identification [a??dent?f??ke??n]n. 鑒定，識別

New Phrases

suffer from 患病，遭受痛苦

play a key role 起關(guān)鍵作用

in the absence of 缺乏，不存在

in the progression of 在進展中

slow down放慢速度;使……慢下來;使放松下來

Translation

新的研究表明，一種改變形態(tài)的腦蛋白可能是導(dǎo)致老年癡呆癥等腦部疾病的原因，研究者稱已開發(fā)出一種可能讓這種蛋白質(zhì)回到原來形態(tài)的療法，從而預(yù)防疾病進一步發(fā)展，或逆轉(zhuǎn)已經(jīng)患有老年癡呆癥者所受的影響。

馬薩諸塞州波士頓市貝絲·以色列·迪肯尼斯醫(yī)療中心的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種名叫tau的蛋白質(zhì)的形狀會被大腦中的嚴(yán)重損傷所改變。科學(xué)家稱當(dāng)人頭部多次受到撞擊時，他們就患上所謂慢性創(chuàng)傷性腦病(CTE)。

頭部受傷的士兵也會患上CTE，美式足球運動員也會在頭部多次受到撞擊后患上CTE，CTE患者的記憶力、判斷力和功能性能力都會受到影響。

阿爾瓦羅·帕斯夸爾利昂是一位神經(jīng)學(xué)家，也就是腦科學(xué)家，他是發(fā)現(xiàn)腦損傷對tau蛋白質(zhì)影響的研究者之一。

“我們知道tau蛋白質(zhì)在老年癡呆癥中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，所以有這種可能，在不存在創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷的情況下，它可能保護大腦免受疾病發(fā)展的損害?！?/p>

研究者們最近在《自然》期刊上發(fā)表了有關(guān)該發(fā)現(xiàn)的論文，帕斯夸爾利昂和他的同事們報告稱，他們已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種將受損tau蛋白質(zhì)恢復(fù)到初始、未受損狀態(tài)的療法。他說這種療法可用來阻止老年癡呆癥的發(fā)展，可能還能讓已經(jīng)患有老年癡呆癥者大腦功能損失過程放緩。

“如果我們能放緩這一過程，或者調(diào)整疾病發(fā)展的方向，那么這種療法可能會對患者及其家屬的福祉產(chǎn)生很大影響?！?/p>

科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)患有腦部損傷小白鼠的tau蛋白質(zhì)在其腦部受撞擊的12小時候開始發(fā)生形態(tài)改變。

研究者希望開發(fā)出一種血液測試，或使用能看到大腦內(nèi)部的儀器來幫助他們找到已改變的tau蛋白質(zhì)，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)腦損傷者的病癥就可以幫助醫(yī)生們快速治療病阻止tau發(fā)生形態(tài)改變。

Supplements

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time. It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. It was first described by, and later named after, Germanpsychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In 2015, there wereapproximately 29.8 million people worldwide with AD. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although 4% to 5% of casesare early-onset Alzheimer’s which begin before this. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older. In 2015, dementia resulted in about 1.9 million deaths.

The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss). As the disease advances, symptomscan include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self-care, and behavioral issues. As a person's condition declines, they often withdrawfrom family andsociety. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the average life expectancy following diagnosis is three to nine years.

The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. About 70% of the risk is believed to be genetic with many genes usually involved. Other risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, or hypertension. A probable diagnosis is based on the history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood tests to rule out other possible causes.

No treatments stop or reverse its progression, though some may temporarilyimprove symptoms. Affected people increasingly rely on others for assistance, often placing a burden on the caregiver; the pressures can include social, psychological, physical, and economic elements. In developed countries, AD is one of the most financially costly diseases.

New words

1. neurodegenerative [?nju:r??d?'d?en?r?t?v] adj. 神經(jīng)組織退化的;

2. worsen [?w?:sn]vt.& vi. (使)變得更壞

3. dementia[d??men??]n. [醫(yī)]癡呆

4. psychiatrist[sa??ka??tr?st]n. 精神病希賽網(wǎng)

5. pathologist[p??θ?l?d??st]n. 病理學(xué)家

6. approximately [??pr?ks?m?tli]adv. 近似地，大約

7. affect [??fekt]vt. 影響

8. disorientation [d?s??:r??n'te??n]n. 定向力障礙

9. mood swing [mu:d swi?]n.情緒波動

10. motivation[?m??t?'ve??n]n. 動機

11. withdraw [w?e?dr?:]vt. 撤走

12. genetic [d???net?k]adj. 遺傳的; 基因的

13. depression [d??pre?n]n. 抑郁，沮喪

14. hypertension[?ha?p??ten?n]n. 高血壓

15. cognitive testing [?k?gn?t?v] 認知測試

16. rule out 排除

17. temporarily [temp??rer?l?]adv. 暫時地; 臨時地;

18. psychological [?sa?k??l?d??kl]adj. 心理的; 精神上的

19. physical [?f?z?kl]adj.身體的

20. economic [?i:k??n?m?k]adj. 經(jīng)濟的