2019年9月全國英語等級考試三級模擬試題閱讀C

Most damagingly,anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

Not everyone experiences anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(決斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG(腦電圖)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(額葉前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result of this,we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.

Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不對稱)of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

1、What changes can be found in an angry brain?

A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.

B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.

C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.

D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.

參考答案：B

參考譯文：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段，尤其But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balances…可以判斷在生氣的時候，大腦的額葉前部區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)不平衡的圖案。故B正確。

2、The“duels”example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ___.

A.usually has a biological basis

B.varies among people

C.is socially and culturally shaped

D.influences one’s thinking and evaluation

參考答案：C

參考譯文：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.可以判斷“決斗”的例子證明了生氣的表情是社會和文化形成的。故C正確。

3、What is the key message of the last paragraph?

A.How anger differs from other emotions.

B.How anger relates to other emotions.

C.Behavioural responses to anger.

D.Behavioural patterns of anger.

參考答案：D

參考譯文：考查主旨要義。文章最后一段主要說明了offensive anger和defensive anger兩種不同的生氣形式，故其關(guān)鍵信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正確。

4、Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?

A.Approaching the source of anger.

B.Trying to control what is disliked.

C.Moving away from what is disliked.

D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

參考答案：A

參考譯文：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段中The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.可知典型的攻擊性的生氣是主動接近令自己生氣的人或處境。故A正確。

參考譯文：

最嚴重的是，憤怒會削弱一個人清晰思考和控制自己行為的能力。憤怒的人在評價引起其憤怒的人或情況的情感意義時失去客觀性。

不是每個人都以同樣的方式經(jīng)歷憤怒；激怒一個人的東西可能會取笑另一個人。憤怒的具體表達也因生物和文化力量的不同而不同。在當代文化中，憤怒的身體表現(xiàn)通常被認為是對社會有害的，不可容忍。我們不再把決斗視為一個人對另一個人的侮辱行為的意識所導致的憤怒的適當表達。

憤怒可以在大腦中辨別出來，在那里電活動發(fā)生了變化。在大多數(shù)情況下，腦電圖測量的電活動顯示出左右前額葉區(qū)域的活動平衡。從行為上來說，這與我們大多數(shù)人大多數(shù)時候擁有的普遍的平等性格相對應(yīng)。但是當我們生氣的時候，左右前額區(qū)域的腦電圖就不平衡了，因此，我們很可能會做出反應(yīng)。我們對憤怒的行為反應(yīng)不同于我們對其他情緒的反應(yīng)，無論是積極的還是消極的。

大多數(shù)積極的情緒都與接近行為有關(guān)：我們更接近我們喜歡的人。相反，大多數(shù)消極情緒與回避行為有關(guān)：我們遠離我們不喜歡或使我們焦慮的人和事物。但憤怒是這種模式的一個例外。我們越生氣，越有可能朝著憤怒的目標前進。這與心理學家所說的緊張性憤怒相對應(yīng)：憤怒的人為了影響和控制引起他的憤怒的人或情況而靠近。這種方法和對抗行為伴隨著腦電圖活動的左前額葉不對稱。有趣的是，如果憤怒的人能夠?qū)σ饝嵟磻?yīng)的人產(chǎn)生同理心，這種不對稱性就會減弱。相反，在防御性憤怒中，腦電圖不對稱指向右側(cè)，憤怒的人面對憤怒的情況感到無助。