2019年考研英語一閱讀理解第一篇

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

Text 1

Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”。

In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage “l(fā)ong-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.

21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________.

A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

B. help corporations achieve larger profits

C. build a new system of financial regulation

D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.”可以得出答案。

22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.

A. the conditions for generating quick profits

B. governments’ impatience in decision-making

C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies

D. “short-termism” in economics activities

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like…”，可以得出答案。

23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be__________.

A. indirect

B. adverse

C. minimal

D. temporary

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Transient investment”定位第三段第二句，“Transient investors, … can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”可以得出答案。

24. The US and France examples are used to illustrate____________.

A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”。

B. the significance of long-term thinking.

C. the approaches to promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”。

D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)題干定位到第五、六段，第五段為美國的例子，第六段為法國的例子，（第五段中美國延遲發(fā)放才上任一年左右的高管績效津貼，繼而促進(jìn)緩解“短期主義”盛行的現(xiàn)狀；第六段在法國持股兩年以上者擁有更大的選票權(quán)。）第六段首句承前啟后講到“Much more could be done to encourage ‘long-termism’”促進(jìn)“長期主義”還有很多做法?？梢缘贸龃鸢浮?

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞best title可知這是一道典型的主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可以得出答案。