摘要:PETS-3常見語法知識點(diǎn)(虛擬語氣),更多關(guān)于PET-3的問題,請關(guān)注希賽網(wǎng)英語考試頻道。
虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜疑、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣是由句中的謂語動詞的特殊形式表示出來的。如:
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。
1、普通型虛擬語氣主句與從句動詞虛擬形式的搭配如下:
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:從句為過去式(be一般were),主句為would/should+動詞原形;
例:If he studied harder,he might pass the exam(如果他努力學(xué)習(xí),他可能通過考試了)
不論主語為第幾人稱,if從句中的be動詞均用were;主句中的助動詞一定為過去時(shí),且后面接動詞原形
例1:If I were you ,I would beat him
例2:If he were here,I would beat him
與將來事實(shí)相反:從句為should+動詞原形,主句為wonld/should+動詞原形;
例:If it should rain,the game would be put off(如果下雨,比賽會推遲)
使用要點(diǎn):if從句一定要加助動詞should,if……should翻譯為“萬一”;
與過去事實(shí)相反:從句為had+過去分詞,主句為would/should+have+過去分詞。用此句型時(shí)從句中會出現(xiàn)had had 的情況,同學(xué)們要注意區(qū)分had與had had區(qū)別
例1:If he had money,he would buy a car.
(如果他有錢,他會買輛車)此句中had為一般過去時(shí)動詞,翻譯為“有”
例2:If he had had money,he would have bought a car
(如果他那時(shí)有錢,他就會買輛車)此句中第一個(gè)had為過去完成時(shí)助動詞,第二個(gè)had為have(有)的過去分詞。
2、 表示與真理相反的虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)
從句:if + 主語 + were to do,
主句:主語 + should/would/could/might/ought to
真理:The sun dose't rise in the west
假設(shè):If the sun were to rise in the west,how surprised people would be(如果太陽從西邊升起,人們會多么吃驚啊)
3、在虛擬語氣的if從句中,若有過去完成時(shí)助動詞had,或表“萬一”的should或是were出現(xiàn)時(shí),可將這三個(gè)詞提前,將if省略
should it rain(if it should rain),the game would be put off.
萬一下雨,比賽就會推遲
Had he done it(if he had done it),he would have felt sorry.
如果他當(dāng)時(shí)做了這件事,他會后悔的
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