考博英語詞匯語法專項練習：賓語從句

考博英語詞匯語法專項練習：賓語從句

2019考博英語復(fù)習初期，夯實基礎(chǔ)是首要任務(wù)，作為英語最基礎(chǔ)的知識就是語法，希賽網(wǎng)在線考博英語頻道整理了一系列考博英語必會語法知識點供考生們參考復(fù)習。希望能為大家在考博中提供到幫助。

1.在句中擔當賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (動詞賓語)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (動詞賓語)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)

2. 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類：

(1) 以that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主要用來引導(dǎo)句形式的賓語從句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.

She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 以連接代詞which, what, who等或連接副詞how, where, why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句是陳述語序

eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u?

I want to know how soon it will begin.

(3) 以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序

eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .

3.賓語從句的時態(tài)

(1) 當主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)、或一般將來時態(tài)時，從句可用所需要的任何時態(tài)。

eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.

You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?

(2) 當主句為一般過去時態(tài)時， 從句要用于過去有關(guān)的時態(tài)。

eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .

Linda said that the train had left.

(3) 當從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。

eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.

Polly said no news is a good news

注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外。

1. 當從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.

2. 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時， 只用whether.

eg, Please let me know what to do next.

Could you tell me whether u go or not?

3. if當如果講時， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句， 這時不能用whether.

e,g, You can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting .

注意點一：引導(dǎo)詞

賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞常常有以下三種：由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為that，that在口語或非正式文體中可省略;由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為if或whether;由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為句子本身的特殊疑問詞，即what，when，where等。如：

I think(that)he will come here by train.我認為他會坐火車來這兒的。He asked me whether I know his new address.他問我是否知道他新地址。I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么時候到家的。

注意點二：語序

賓語從句的語序為陳述句語序，即“主語+謂語+賓語+其他”。也就是說，將疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，一定要將疑問句語序轉(zhuǎn)變成陳述句語序。如：

Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 你能告訴我他明天將要做什么?

【友情提示】當疑問句在賓語從句中做主語時，語序不變。如：

Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此興奮嗎?

I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。

注意點三：時態(tài)

主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，則賓語從句根據(jù)實際情況用任意的時態(tài);但主句為一般過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句則要用過去的相對應(yīng)的某種時態(tài)。例如：

She tells me that she will come by bus. 她說她將要坐公交車來。

She told me that she would come by bus. 她說她將要坐公交車來。

【友情提示】如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或是科學(xué)事實，其謂語動詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如：

Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

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