2014年四川大學考博英語真題1

Reading Comprehension 1

In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and"human-relations"experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century"free enterprise"capitalism?Certainly not.Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system form,a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima,production and consumption are ends in themselves,into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.

1．By"a well-oiled cog in the machinery"the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.

A．a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible

B．working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

C．an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society

D．a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly

2．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.

A．they are likely to lose their jobs

B．they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life

C．they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

D．they are deprived of their individuality and independence

3．From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.

A．who are at the bottom of the society

B．who are higher up in their social status

C．who prove better than their fellow-competitors

D．who could dip fir away from this competitive world

4．To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ____.

A．resort to the production mode of our ancestors

B．offer higher wages to the workers and employees

C．enable man to fully develop his potentialities

D．take the fundamental realities for granted

5．The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.

A．approval

B．dissatisfaction

C．suspicion

D．susceptibility

【參考翻譯】

總的來說，我們的社會正在成為由官僚管理指導的大型企業(yè)之一，在這種管理下，人成了機器中一個小小的、運轉良好的齒輪。石油是通過更高的工資、通風良好的工廠和管道音樂，以及心理學家和“人際關系”希賽網來完成的;然而，所有這些石油并沒有改變一個事實，那就是人類已經變得無能為力了，他已經對此感到厭倦了。事實上，藍領和白領已經變成了隨著自動化機器和官僚管理的節(jié)拍起舞的經濟傀儡。

工人和雇員都很焦慮，不僅是因為他們可能會失業(yè)，還因為他們無法從有趣的生活中獲得真正的滿足感。他們生與死，從來沒有作為情感上、智力上獨立和多產的人類，面對人類生存的基本現實。

那些社會地位較高的人也同樣焦慮不安。他們的生活和他們的下屬一樣空虛。在某些方面，他們甚至更加不安全。他們在激烈的競爭中。被提升或落后不是薪水的問題，而是自尊的問題。當他們申請第一份工作時，他們不僅要接受智力測試，還要接受順從和獨立的恰當混合測試。從那一刻起，他們就一次次地接受測試——對心理學家來說，測試是一項大生意，而他們的上級則會評判他們的行為、社交能力、相處能力等等。不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好，甚至比對手更好，這就不斷地產生焦慮和壓力，而這些正是不快樂和疾病的根源。

我是在建議我們應該回到工業(yè)化前的生產方式，還是回到19世紀的“自由企業(yè)”資本主義?當然不是。回到一個已經長大的階段，永遠無法解決的問題。我建議把我們的社會制度形式，一種以最大限度、生產和消費為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義，轉變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)主義中，人和他的潛力的充分開發(fā)——所有的愛和理性——是社會安排的目標。生產和消費只應作為達到這一目的的手段，并應防止統(tǒng)治人類。

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2014年四川大學考博英語真題匯總