摘要:成人高考學(xué)位英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試,是各省市成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生獲得成人學(xué)士學(xué)位的必備條件之一,如果無(wú)法通過(guò)學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試,將只能拿到畢業(yè)證,無(wú)法拿到“雙證”。為方便大家備考,下面小編給大家整理了?成人高考學(xué)位英語(yǔ)題型解讀秘籍(四)。
成人高考學(xué)位英語(yǔ)題型解讀秘籍(四)
第七部分 挑錯(cuò)
一、大綱要求
挑錯(cuò)測(cè)試的是學(xué)生掌握詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度。挑錯(cuò)題的考查形式主要有兩種。一種是單句辨錯(cuò),每個(gè)句子含有標(biāo)著 A、B、C、D 的四個(gè)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分,其中有一處是錯(cuò)誤的,要求考生從四個(gè)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分中挑出其錯(cuò)誤的部分。第二種是短文辨錯(cuò),要求考生根據(jù)上下文找出短文中的錯(cuò)誤,并將有錯(cuò)誤的部分填入答題卡上相應(yīng)的位置。
二、解題思路
1.單句辨錯(cuò)
單句辨錯(cuò)題要求考生挑出錯(cuò)誤即可,不用改正,難度相對(duì)較低。答題步驟為:
①不能只看 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng),應(yīng)把 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)放在全句中進(jìn)行考慮,從整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及句意來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
②看句子的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是否完整。
③看時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂次序、介詞搭配是否一致。
④檢查名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞等的用法是否有誤。
⑤答案做好后,再通讀一遍全句,認(rèn)真檢查、核對(duì)答案。
2.短文辨錯(cuò)
短文辨錯(cuò)題考查面廣,主要包括語(yǔ)法、詞匯、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯推理以及語(yǔ)篇等知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用和辨析??忌⒅貙?duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的理解和把握,分析其中結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子,理清內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系(如因果、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)等)。答題步驟為:
①通讀整篇短文,把握文章主旨大意。
②逐行細(xì)查,逐詞分析。
③通篇檢查,確保準(zhǔn)確率。
注意:要了解規(guī)則,規(guī)范答題。特別要注意錯(cuò)詞和漏詞的做題要求,規(guī)范使用添詞和刪詞符號(hào)。
三、考點(diǎn)精析
1.用詞錯(cuò)誤
(1)名詞
名詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)用,名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用以及名詞前冠 詞的錯(cuò)漏,有時(shí)還會(huì)考查名詞所有格的使用。
【例 1】Try to get as much informations as you can.
【答案】informations→information
【解析】本題考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意:努力收集盡可能多的信息。information 是不可數(shù)名詞,不能加 s。
下面的單詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞:
experience 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)名詞),經(jīng)驗(yàn)(不可數(shù)名詞)
exercise 練習(xí)(可數(shù)名詞),鍛煉(不可數(shù)名詞)
room 房間(可數(shù)名詞),空間(不可數(shù)名詞)
time 倍數(shù)(可數(shù)名詞),時(shí)間(不可數(shù)名詞)
部分抽象名詞可與 a/an 連用,此時(shí)詞義發(fā)生變化,表示某種事或人。這些詞包括:surprise,pleasure,shock,honour,help,success 等。
(2)動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤有動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、主謂不一致、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤、動(dòng)詞搭配不當(dāng)以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤等。
【例 2】We have studied most of the book by the end of last week.
【答案】have→had
【解析】by 后跟表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是過(guò)去完成時(shí),因此 have 應(yīng)該為 had。
常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn):
①后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):
admit(承認(rèn)),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考慮),delay(拖延),deny(否認(rèn)),dislike(不喜歡),enjoy(喜歡),escape(逃跑),excuse(為……辯解),fancy(喜歡), finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mind(介意),miss(錯(cuò)過(guò)),postpone(推遲), practise(練習(xí)),suggest(建議),require(需要),risk(冒險(xiǎn))等。
②常見(jiàn)的后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):
afford(能承擔(dān)),arrange(安排),apply(申請(qǐng)),choose(選擇),decide(決定), demand(要求),expect(期望),hesitate(猶豫),fail(失敗),long(渴望),manage
(設(shè)法),offer(提出要做),prepare(準(zhǔn)備),pretend(假裝),promise(允諾),refuse
(拒絕),determine(下決心),try one’s best(努力做),make an attempt(試圖)等。
③既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式但意義不同的動(dòng)詞: forget to do/doing sth. 忘記要做某事/忘記做過(guò)某事remember to do/doing sth. 記得要做某事/記得做過(guò)某事regret to do/doing sth. 對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾/后悔做了某事stop to do/doing sth. 停下來(lái)做另一件事/停止正在做的事go on do/doing sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事/繼續(xù)做正在做的事
(3)形容詞和副詞
形容詞和副詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)為形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的誤用,形 容詞和副詞的混用等。
【例 3】This room is twice large than ours.
【答案】large→larger
【解析】本題考查形容詞比較級(jí)的應(yīng)用。句意:這間房比我們房間的兩倍。than 是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志,形容詞原級(jí)要改成比較級(jí)。
常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn):
①quite,so,too 等副詞后+形容詞原級(jí);
much,even,still,far 等副詞+形容詞比較級(jí)。
②用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義的句式:
A+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than any other+單數(shù)名詞; A+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
(4)介詞
介詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤多為介詞的誤用、漏用和多用,主要考查考生對(duì)介詞基本含義和常 用介詞短語(yǔ)的掌握。
【例 4】We need to be warned with rats.
【答案】with→of
【解析】本題考查固定搭配。句意:我們要當(dāng)心老鼠。be warned of 為固定短語(yǔ),意為“當(dāng)心”。
(5)冠詞
冠詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)為不定冠詞 a、an 的混用,定冠詞 the 的誤用和漏用,以及定冠詞和不定冠詞的錯(cuò)用。
【例 5】Her sister, who is an nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
【答案】an→a
【解析】本題考查冠詞的使用。句意:她的妹妹,一個(gè)護(hù)士,下周要和醫(yī)院里的一個(gè)醫(yī) 生結(jié)婚。nurse 的發(fā)音以輔音開(kāi)頭,冠詞要用 a。
(6)代詞
代詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤多為代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用、不定代詞的誤用等。
【例 6】The boy was made stay at home doing their homework.
【答案】their→his
【解析】本題屬于人稱(chēng)代詞誤用。句意:那個(gè)男孩被留在家里寫(xiě)作業(yè)。與 the boy 相對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞是 his,故將 their 改為 his。
(7)連詞
連詞方面常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)為并列連詞和從屬連詞的誤用,主要考查考生對(duì)句子間邏輯關(guān) 系的把握。
【例 7】Though he tried his best, but he failed.
【答案】刪去 but
【解析】本題考查連詞的使用。句意:盡管他盡了最大的努力,但他失敗了。though 和 but 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。
2.語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
(1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
【例 8】I think he would win the game, but he didn’t.
【答案】think→thought
【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我以為他能贏,但是他沒(méi)有。句子前后時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保 持一致,且句中所說(shuō)的想法已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的事,所以 think 要用過(guò)去式。
(2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣
【例9】I suggest that the gril loses some weight.
【答案】loses→lose
【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:我建議那個(gè)女孩兒減減肥。suggest 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should 可以省略,故應(yīng)用 lose 的原形。
(3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
【例 10】Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepare in many different ways.
【答案】prepare→prepared
【解析】本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:玉米是一種很有用的植物,可以被以多種方式利用。
corn 與 prepare 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(4)從句
【例 11】I met a woman in the street whom I thought was Tom’s mother.
【答案】whom→who
【解析】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意:我在街上遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)女人,我以為她是
Tom 的母親。先行詞指人,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),要用 who。
(5)主謂一致
【例 12】Neither we nor he have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way.
【答案】have→has
【解析】本題考查主謂一致。句意:不管是我們,還是他,都沒(méi)有料到事情會(huì)變成這樣。 在 not only…but also,not…but,neither…nor,either…or,there be…句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選
擇遵循“就近原則”,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由相鄰的主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。
當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞用
with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等連接起來(lái)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。本句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ) Jackie 保持一致,故應(yīng)改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。
當(dāng) each,neither,either 以及由 every,any,no,some 與 one,body,thing 構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),但 none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都行。另外,當(dāng) every, each,no 作定語(yǔ)時(shí),即使用 and 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。
3.語(yǔ)意錯(cuò)誤
【例 13】I am afraid of taking a bus usually. The awful smell of the bus drives me mad and makes me feel carsick. But today I did feel carsick. I can defeat carsickness finally.
【答案】did→didn’t
【解析】本題考查對(duì)文義的理解。上文說(shuō)“我”害怕坐公共汽車(chē),難聞的味道讓“我”發(fā)瘋,使“我”頭暈。下文說(shuō)“我”終于克服了暈車(chē)。所以這里有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,此處的 did 要改為 didn’t。
第八部分 寫(xiě)作
一、萬(wàn)能句子
(一)段首句
1.關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……
There are different opinions among people as to() . Some people believe that ().
2.俗話(huà)說(shuō)(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。
There is an old saying(). It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
3.現(xiàn)在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。首先,……。其次,……。更
為糟糕的是……
Today, (), which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, (). Second,(). What makes things worse is that ().
4.現(xiàn)在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因?yàn)椤硗?而且)……
Nowadays, it is common to() . Many people like()because() . Besides,().
5 任何事物都有兩面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides() and is not an exception, and it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.關(guān)于……人們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說(shuō))……,在他們看來(lái),……
People’s opinions about ()vary from person to person. Some people say that() .To them,() .
7.人類(lèi)正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題……,這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。
Man is now facing a big problem ()which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成為人們關(guān)注的熱門(mén)話(huà)題,特別是在年輕人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
()has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處,但同時(shí) 也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。
()has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根據(jù)表格/圖表/條形圖/線(xiàn)形圖中的數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比可以看出……。很顯然……,但是為什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that() . Obviously,() , but why?
(二)中間段落句
1.相反,有一些人贊成……,而且,他們認(rèn)為……
On the contrary, there are some people in favor of() . At the same time, they say().
2.但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好辦法,比如……。最糟糕的是……
But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve() . For example, (). Worst of all,().
3.……對(duì)我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而 且……,最重要的是……
()is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First,(). What’s more, (). Above all,().
4.有幾個(gè)可供我們采納的方法。首先,我們可以……
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can() .
5.面臨……,我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的的方法來(lái)……。一方面……,另一方面…… Confronted with , we should take a series of effective measures to(). Forone thing, (). For another,().
6.早就應(yīng)該拿出行動(dòng)了。比如說(shuō)……,另外……。所有這些方法肯定會(huì)……
It is high time that something was done about it. For example, (). In addition,() .
All these measures will certainly() .
7.為什么……?第一個(gè)原因是……;第二個(gè)原因是……:第三個(gè)原因是……。總的來(lái) 說(shuō)……的主要原因是……
Why()? The first reason is that (). The second reason is that() . The third is that (). For all these, is mainly due to .
8.然面,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個(gè)方面一樣,……也有它的不利的一面,像……
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides(), also has its own
disadvantages, such as ().
9.盡管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ()is more advantageous.
10.我完全同意……這種觀(guān)點(diǎn),主要理由如下:
()I fully agree with the statement that()
(三)結(jié)尾句
1.至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀(guān)點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ().
2.總而言之,整個(gè)社會(huì)應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個(gè)問(wèn)題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來(lái)……
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of (). Only inthis way can we()in the future.
3.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,……因此,迫切需要……。如果每個(gè)人都愿為社會(huì)頁(yè)獻(xiàn)自己的一份 力量,這個(gè)社會(huì)將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越好。
With the development of society,(). So it’s urgent and necessary to() .
If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
4.至于我(對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),就我而言),我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣,我們才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to() . Only in this way can we().
5.依我看,有必要……。原因如下:第一,……;第二,……;最后但同樣重要的是……
In my opinion, it is necessary to(). The reasons are as follows. First, () . Second, () . Last but not least, ().
6.在總體上很難說(shuō)……是好還是壞,因?yàn)樗诤艽蟪潭壬先Q于……的形勢(shì)。然而,就 我個(gè)人而言,我發(fā)現(xiàn)……
It is difficult to say whether ()is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of() . However, from a personal point of view, I find().
7.綜上所述,我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that().
8.如果我們不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了這種趨勢(shì),就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我們應(yīng)該做的是……
If we don’t take useful means, we may not be able to control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is () .
二、寫(xiě)作模板
(一)英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作模板開(kāi)頭部分:
How nice to hear from you again.
Let me tell you something about the activity.
I’m glad to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.
結(jié)尾部分:
With best wishes.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
(二)口頭通知常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作模板稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)及開(kāi)場(chǎng)白部分:
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分:
All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes.
Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.
結(jié)束語(yǔ)部分:
Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.
(三)議論文模板
1.正反觀(guān)點(diǎn)式議論文模板導(dǎo)入:
第 1 段: Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(導(dǎo)入話(huà)題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀(guān)點(diǎn)有分歧)
正文:
第 2 段: Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀(guān)點(diǎn))
Here are the reasons. First..Second...Finally...(列出 2~3 個(gè)贊成的理由) 第 3 段: However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀(guān)點(diǎn))
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出 2~3 個(gè)反對(duì)的理由)
結(jié)論:
第 4 段 : Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it.(個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn))
2.“A 或者 B”類(lèi)議論文模板導(dǎo)入:
第 1 段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第 2 段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(贊同 A 的原因)
第 3 段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出 1~2 個(gè) B 的優(yōu)勢(shì)) 結(jié)論:
第 4 段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出結(jié)論)
3.觀(guān)點(diǎn)論述類(lèi)議論文模板導(dǎo)入:
第 1 段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)決定作為議論的話(huà)題
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是贊成還是反對(duì)) The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(過(guò)渡句,承上啟下)
正文:
第 2 段: First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出 2~3 個(gè)贊成或反對(duì)的理由) 結(jié)論:
第 3 段: In conclusion, I believe that...(照應(yīng)第 1 段,構(gòu)成“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)) 4.“ How lo”類(lèi)議論文模板
導(dǎo)入:
第 1 段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話(huà)題正文:
第 2 段 : Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be more effective. First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出 2~3 個(gè)解決此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的辦法)
結(jié)論:
第 3 段 : These are not the best but only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強(qiáng)調(diào)解決此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的根本方法)
(四)圖表作文寫(xiě)作模板
The chart gives us an overall picture of the(圖表主題). The first thing we notice is that(圖表最大特點(diǎn)) .This means that(進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明).
We can see from the statistics given that(圖表細(xì)節(jié)一). After v-ing(細(xì)節(jié)一中的第一個(gè)變化), the v-ed+幅度+時(shí)間(緊跟著的變化). The figures also tell us that(圖表細(xì)節(jié)二). In the column, we can see that accounts for(進(jìn)一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that( 結(jié) 論 ). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(給出原因)./ It is high time that we(發(fā)出倡議).
(五)圖畫(huà)類(lèi)寫(xiě)作模板開(kāi)頭:
Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
銜接句:
As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that..../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
結(jié)尾句:
In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...
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