2020年成人本科學(xué)位英語(yǔ)閱讀題復(fù)習(xí)資料（2）

Reading Comprehension 5

What do you know about the sea? The first thing to remember is that the sea is very big. Look at the map of the world and you will find that there is less land than sea. The sea covers three-quarters of the world.

The sea is full of waves. Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea, as well as houses and buildings near the shore. What causes waves? Most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface of the water. The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow. The winds blow across the sea, pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.

The size of a wave depends on how strong the wind is, how long it blows and how large the body of water is. In a small bay, waves will never build up. But at sea the wind can build up very big and powerful waves.

A rule says that the height of a wave (in meters) will usually be no more than one -tenth of the wind speed (in kilometers). In other words, when the wind is blowing at 120 kilometers per hour, most waves will be about 12 meters high. Of course, some waves may combine to form big waves that are much higher. In 1933, the largest measured wave in history was reported. It rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of 34 meters.

1. Land covers about one quarter of our world.

True

2. The sun heats the earth, causing the winds to rise and the air to blow.

False

3. At sea, big waves are built up. But at a small bay, even small waves are never built up.

True

4. If the highest measured waves rose to a height of 34 meters, the wind’s speed would definitely be 340 kilometers per hour.

False

5. The passage is mainly about the size of waves.

False

Reading Comprehension 6

According to some surveys (調(diào)查), Americans spend one third of their food money eating out. And more than one half of that money goes to “fast food” restaurants. What is fast food? Who eats it? Why?

A fast food restaurant includes several things. First, you can buy only certain foods. Second, there are no waiters or waitresses. You order at a counter (柜臺(tái)) or a window, pay for it, and receive it right there. And third, the restaurant serves many people quickly. Hundreds of people can go through a fast food restaurant during a day.

There are many different kinds of fast food restaurants. Some companies have hundreds or thousands of branches across the country. Other restaurants belong to a single family. All these restaurants serve several kinds of food. Many sell different kinds of hamburgers. Others specialize in chicken, or in Mexican food. 

Who eats out? Just about everyone. Many business people eat their lunch at a fast food restaurant. Single people often eat out instead of cooking. Young people and families with children also often enjoy fast food.

People give several reasons why they eat at fast food restaurants. First, it’s quick.

When you don’t have much time, you eat out. Second, it’s always the same. Because the food is always cooked the same, there are no bad surprises. Third, it’s convenient (方便的). Sometimes, you don’t feel like shopping, cooking, and leaning up. And fourth, it tastes good.

1. Americans spend more than one sixth of their food money fast food.

True

2. Usually, there are no waiters in a fast food restaurant.

True

3. A fast food restaurant can serve hundreds of people a day.

True

4. Families with children usually don’t like fast food.

False

5. Fast food tastes good.

True

Reading Comprehension 7

Many stories about famous people are not based on facts .They are like some of the stories that people tell about their friends, which are passed from a friend to a friend’s friend. A story that is passed from mouth to mouth in this way may be better in the end than it was in the beginning, but probably it will end up as a very different story. Each storyteller adds something or leaves something out or changes something, so by the time the story is written in a book it is a long way from having any basis in fact.

A man who tells a story does not always try to be accurate. He may not believe that facts are necessary in a story. He may want to make people laugh or make them cry; he may even want to make them think.

A good story is often told in many different languages. It may live through many centuries, and millions of people may enjoy telling it or listening to it. It is not the accuracy of a story that makes it live. The value of a story does not come from its accuracy but from its human interest or the way it is told.

An English novelist(小說(shuō)家)wrote a new book, and a month after it was in print, his publisher told him that a thousand copies had already been sold. That evening, the novelist had a meal with his publisher and an American friend. They talked about the new book, and the novelist told the American that 10,000 copies had been sold. Later, the publisher asked him why he had not been more accurate. “To an American,” said the novelist, “a thousand is nothing. I multiplied (乘) the number by ten to give him a true idea of the success of the book.” This novelist was not famous for his accuracy but for his novels; he knew how to tell stories. His best novels will probably live for a long time.

1. According to Paragraph One, it is thought that_______.

A. a written story should be true to what was really told from mouth to mouth

B. a story told from mouth to mouth is worse than it was like in the beginning

C. stories about people are sometimes easier to pass on

D. a story passed orally is usually different from what it was like in the beginning

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. A man who writes a story must have accurate facts.

B. A man who writes a story need not always try to be accurate.

C. A man has to collect a lot of stories before he writes a book.

D. Many stories are based on exact facts.

3. Where does the value of a story lie?

A. In its accuracy B. In the way the story is told.

C. In how long the story has been told. D. In the honesty of the writer.

4. The novelist wanted to_______ when he multiplied the number by ten.

A. show he was quick-minded B. show he was very honest

C. bring out the true idea of his success D. lie to the American

5. The best title for this passage might be _______ .

A. How to Tell a Story B. The Spreading of Facts

C. Storytellers Must Be Honest D. Accuracy and Interest of Stories

Reading Comprehension 8

Football is, I believe, the most popular game in England: One has only to go to one of the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting for one side or the other.

To a foreigner, one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams. He has pictures of them and knows the results of large numbers. He will tell you who he expects will win such and such a match, and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three or four times his age.

Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all the other European schools, where lessons are all that are important, and games are left for the children themselves. In England it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy’s mind with facts in the classroom, education also means the training of character; and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games where the boy or girl has to learn to work with others for his/her team, instead of working for himself/herself alone. The school therefore plans games and matches for its pupils. Football is a good team game; it is good both for the body and the mind. That is why it is every school’s game in England.

1. In the first sentence of the passage, “this” refers to the fact that_______.

A. one has to go to one of the important matches B. football is the most popular game in England

C. all kinds of people like playing football D. people shout for one side or the other

2. To a foreigner, what is so surprising about football in England?

A. Little boys know more about the results of football matches than old people.

B. The names of the important players are known to all.

C. Even the smallest boy seems to know a lot about the game.

D. Players known the results of large numbers of matches.

3. What is true of education in England?

A. lessons are not taken seriously.

B. lessons are considered the most important.

C. Education means filling children’s minds with knowledge.

D. Games and matches are a part of education.

4. From football games, it is believed that children can_______ .

A. train their character B. work for themselves

C. plan games and matches D. learn their lessons

5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. All European schools take football seriously.

B. Football is a good game for training character.

C. Even the smallest boy in England can play football well.

D. Football in England is more important than lessons.

答案翻譯

Reading Comprehension 5

1. True 見第一段 The sea covers three-quarters of the world，可知陸地約占地球面積的 1/4，故判斷正確。

2. False 見第二段 The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow，不是“air to blow”,太陽(yáng)帶給地球熱量，因而產(chǎn)生了空氣上升，刮風(fēng)的天氣現(xiàn)象，故判斷錯(cuò)誤。

3. True 見第三段 In a small bay, waves will never build up. But at sea the wind can

build up very big and powerful waves.在小海灣，不會(huì)有海浪產(chǎn)生，但是在大海中風(fēng)能運(yùn)化出強(qiáng)有力的巨浪。故判斷正確。

4. False 見第四段 A rule says that the height of a wave (in meters) will usually be no

more than one-tenth of the wind speed (in kilometers). 規(guī)則通常是海浪的高度不會(huì)超過(guò)風(fēng)速的 1/10，但是 some waves may combine to form big waves that are much higher，有的海浪聚合會(huì)形成更強(qiáng)的海浪，可知“definitely”用詞過(guò)于絕對(duì)，故判斷錯(cuò)誤。

5. False 關(guān)于海浪的問(wèn)題文章在第三四段討論，并不能涵蓋文章的所有重要信息，以偏概全，故判斷錯(cuò)誤。

Reading Comprehension 6

[答案解析]

1. True 見第一段 Americans spend one third of their food money eating out，可知美國(guó)人用于快餐的錢占超過(guò)食品經(jīng)費(fèi)的 1/6，故判斷正確。

2. True 見第二段 Second, there are no waiters or waitresses.

3. True 見第二段 Hundreds of people can go through a fast food restaurant during a day，一天內(nèi)可以有數(shù)百人在快餐廳用餐，可知判斷正確。

4. False 見第四段 Young people and families with children also often enjoy fast food，年輕人和家里有小孩子的人經(jīng)常會(huì)去吃快餐，可知判斷錯(cuò)誤。

5.True 見第五段 And fourth, it tastes good，快餐嘗起來(lái)很好吃，可知判斷正確。

Reading Comprehension 7

1. D 見第一段 A story that is passed from mouth to mouth in this way may be better in the end than it was in the beginning, but probably it will end up as a very different story.口口相傳的故事往往故事的結(jié)尾和開始有著非常大的不同。

2. B 第二段第一句話表明了觀點(diǎn) A man who tells a story does not always try to be accurate.

3. B 見第三段 The value of a story does not come from its accuracy but from its human interest or the way it is told. 故事的價(jià)值不在于它是否精準(zhǔn)而在于是否從人們的興趣出發(fā)或者它講述的方式。

4. C 見第四段 I multiplied (乘) the number by ten to give him a true idea of the success of the book，可以推測(cè)小說(shuō)家希望通過(guò)這樣的方式來(lái)展示他獲取成功的原因。

5. D 從全篇看，作者探討成功的故事創(chuàng)作的影響因素，作者提及故事描述的準(zhǔn)確性并不重要，更重要的是故事對(duì)人的吸引力，或者故事的講述方式及對(duì)人的啟迪，因此 D 項(xiàng)正確。

Reading Comprehension 8

1. B 見第一段 Football is, I believe, the most popular game in England: One has only to go to one of the important matches to see this，英國(guó)最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目是足球，某個(gè)人一定要去觀看的重要比賽就是這個(gè)，可以知道“this”就是指代前面提到的足球賽。

2. C 見第二段 To a foreigner, one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have，可知最令人驚奇之處就在于英國(guó)小孩子淵博的足球知識(shí)。

3. D 根據(jù)第三段描述，英國(guó)教育不單純是告訴孩子們真實(shí)的事情，也包括培養(yǎng)他們的品格。游戲和比賽是鍛煉孩子們品格的形式。故 D 項(xiàng)目表述正確。

4. A 足球比賽是很好的團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，對(duì)孩子們身體和精神都有益。這正是英國(guó)教育中對(duì)學(xué)生品格教育的一種方式。

5. B 根據(jù)文章第三段描述，可以判斷 B 項(xiàng)表述最準(zhǔn)確，足球是培養(yǎng)孩子品格的一項(xiàng)非常好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。