廣東學(xué)位英語(yǔ)閱讀理解：細(xì)節(jié)題的答題方法和技巧

細(xì)節(jié)題，就是我們平時(shí)所說(shuō)的由 who ,what ,where ,when , why ,which ,how引出的問(wèn)題。這是極為常見(jiàn)的閱讀理解題。這類題主要是針對(duì)論證支持主題的事實(shí)或例證設(shè)題，可能涉及數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算、概念理解以及是非判斷等。

這類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出問(wèn)題答案。這類題提問(wèn)的形式多種多樣，常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種：

Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage?

According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?

According to the passage, all of the following are true except _____

How many…?

What…?

Why…?

解這類題時(shí)，審題是關(guān)鍵，首先一定得看清問(wèn)題。比如一句結(jié)論性的話后邊到底是…is true,還是 is nottrue。另外，由于細(xì)節(jié)題比較容易，有時(shí)為了增加測(cè)試難度，命題人員在題干或選項(xiàng)中要增加一些文字或意義上的干擾。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一樣的現(xiàn)成答案。

Passage A

On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. (11)He was not at all popular. (12)He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.

It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. (14)At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and emarked, "I have failed again." On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, "That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed."

Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.

Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.

11. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln was_________.

A. very critical

C. very popular

B. unpopular

D. very courteous

【答案】B。答案可以在第一段的第四句話找到：“He was not at all popular.”此題干擾項(xiàng)為 A?！癱ritical”指“挑剔的，苛刻的”。not at all popular=unpopular。

12. Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery because he was _______

A. a famous speaker

B. a very handsome man

D. a popular statesman

C. president of the country

【答案】C。答案在第一段“He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at

Gettysburg only out of politeness.”當(dāng)時(shí)林肯一點(diǎn)也不受歡迎，他被邀請(qǐng)去演講僅僅上出于禮貌?！币?yàn)樗强偨y(tǒng)。

14. It was a fact that Lincoln's speech was _________.

A. an immediate success

C. a total failure

B. warmly applauded

D. not well-received at first

【答案】D。答案可以在文章的第二段找到?！癆t the end there was little applause.”最后幾乎沒(méi)有什么掌聲。所以他的演講開始沒(méi)有被大家接受，D 為正確答案。A，B，C 均不符合文章的內(nèi)容。

15. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.

B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.

C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American school child.

D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United Stats.

【答案】D。答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到?！八难葜v含義深刻、風(fēng)格簡(jiǎn)樸;如今美國(guó)所有的在校的學(xué)生都能背誦他的演講;”文章又談到：“現(xiàn)在所有的人都認(rèn)為他的演講是美國(guó)歷史上最好的演講之一?！倍皇敲绹?guó)最好的演講。所以 D是錯(cuò)誤的。

Passage B

Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies in

the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are employed

doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. (80) Our school leavers face so much

competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. Some stay long

at a job and learn to like it; others quit from one to another looking for something to suit them.

The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a salary up to their

expectation.

Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own

abilities. The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational

guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all grope (摸索)in the dark and their chief

concern when they look for a job is to ask what salary is like. They never bother to think whether

they are suited for the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is

more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for

leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in

life, selection of friends, leisure and interest.

In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest.

Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest, for it will not only

discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your talents and ultimately make you an

emotional wreck (受到嚴(yán)重傷害的人) and a bitter person.

11. The reason why some people are unlikely to succeed in life is that they

A. have ruined their talents

B. have taken on an unsuitable job

C. think of nothing but their salary

D. are not aware of their own potential

【答案】B。第一段的主題句很清楚地告訴我們。有些年輕人是很偶然才找到工作的，因此他們?cè)诠ぷ髦泻苌倩蚧静荒軌颢@得滿足感。由此可知，他們不太可能成功的原因是他們沒(méi)有找到合適的工作。

12. The difficulty in choosing a suitable job lies mainly in that_____.

A. much competition has to be faced

B. many employees have no working experience

C. the young people only care about how much they can earn

D. schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance

【答案】D。第二段中“The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a

proper vocational guidance in our educational institution.”告訴我們，大學(xué)畢業(yè)之所以在找工作時(shí)有很多誤區(qū)，原因主要在于學(xué)校未能夠提供就業(yè)方面的指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)。

13. Which of the following statements is most important according to the passage?

A. Your job must suit your interest.

B. Your job must set a pattern of life.

C. Your job must offer you a high salary.

D. Your job must not ruin your talents.

【答案】A。第三段的首句“In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work

which will suit your interest”中的“first”與題干中的“the most important”相吻合。